Recycling of Polyurethane Materials - Thermal Energy Recovery and Landfill Treatment
1. Direct combustion
Recycling zog los ntawm polyurethane pov tseg yog ib tug ntau tus phooj ywg environmentally thiab economical technology. Lub koom haum American Polyurethane Recycling Commission tab tom ua ib qho kev sim ntxiv 20% pov tseg polyurethane ua npuas ncauj rau cov khib nyiab khib nyiab. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov hmoov tshauv hlawv thiab emissions tseem nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas yuav tsum tau ua, thiab cov cua sov tso tawm tom qab ntxiv cov khib nyiab pov tseg zoo heev txuag cov khoom siv fossil fuels. Hauv cov teb chaws xws li Sweden, Switzerland, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab Denmark hauv Tebchaws Europe, kev sim kuj tseem tau ua los siv lub zog rov qab los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob polyurethane pov tseg los muab hluav taws xob thiab cua sov.
Polyurethane ua npuas ncauj tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov hmoov ib leeg lossis ua ke nrog lwm cov khoom pov tseg los hloov cov hmoov carbon zoo thiab hlawv hauv qhov cub kom rov qab muaj zog cua sov. Fine pulverization ntawm polyurethane chiv tuaj yeem txhim kho combustion efficiency.
2. Pyrolysis rau hauv roj
Thaum tsis muaj oxygen, qhov kub thiab txias, siab siab thiab catalyst, mos polyurethane ua npuas ncauj thiab elastomer tuaj yeem thermally decomposed los tsim cov khoom siv roj thiab roj. Cov roj tau txais thermal decomposition muaj qee cov polyols, uas tuaj yeem ua kom huv thiab siv los ua cov khoom siv raw, tab sis feem ntau yog siv los ua roj. Txoj kev no tsim nyog rau kev rov ua dua cov khib nyiab sib xyaw nrog lwm cov yas. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov decomposition ntawm nitrogen uas muaj cov polymers xws li polyurethane ua npuas ncauj yuav degrade lub catalyst. Tam sim no, txoj kev no tsis tau siv dav.
Vim lub fact tias polyurethane yog ib tug muaj nitrogen-muaj polymer, tsis hais txog ntawm lub combustion zog rov qab txoj kev siv, qhov zoo combustion tej yam kev mob yuav tsum tau saws los txo cov tiam ntawm nitrogen oxides thiab amines. Lub qhov cub combustion yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv kho kom zoo.
3. Kev kho av av thiab biodegradable polyurethane
Tam sim no, ntau npaum li cas ntawm polyurethane ua npuas ncauj pov tseg yog landfilled. Qee cov npuas tsis tuaj yeem siv dua, piv txwv li, polyurethane ua npuas ncauj siv los ua cov noob tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua. Zoo li lwm yam plastics, yog tias cov khoom tseem nyob ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntuj, nws accumulates nyob rau lub sij hawm thiab tso siab rau ib puag ncig. Yuav kom decompose cov polyurethane pov tseg kho los ntawm landfill nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, tib neeg tau pib tsim biodegradable polyurethane resins. Yog hais tias biodegradable tebchaw xws li qab zib, cellulose, lignin, los yog polycaprolactone yog nkag mus rau hauv polyurethane molecules.
